Search results (109 results)

Jul 9 2025 by Majda Hadziahmetovic, MD

Fluorescein angiography image demonstrating multiple areas of neovascularization in a middle-aged male patient with long-standing diabetes.

Condition/keywords: proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)

Jun 25 2025 by Shivankar Sen, MS, FVRS

A 41 year old male came with complaints of Right eye blurring of vision since a day associated with watering and redness. He had no systemic illness, though gave a history of fall from bike 1 month back at the time of which he had blunt force trauma to the right side of the face. BCVA was 3/60, less than N36 in the right eye and 6/6, N6 in the left eye. Right eye had Marcus Gunn Pupil with clear lens, Left eye was within normal limits. IOP was normal; 16 in OD and 18 in OS. Retina evaluation revealed CRAO in the right eye with cilio-retinal artery sparing. Left eye was unremarkable Image Details Left to Right (Top 2 rows) Multicolor Reflectance Image (Blue-green enhanced 55 degree) revealing cilioretinal spared retinal stroma and a characteristic Cherry Red Spot; Green Reflectance showing corresopnding dark gray area with spared perfusion and black spot consistent with Cherry Red Spot on multicolor 2nd Row - 35 degree image (Multicolor Standard Reflectance and Green Reflectance) 3rd Row - SD-OCT revealing acute moderate CRAO findings with Middle retinal layer opacification and prominent middle limiting membrane (p-MLM) sign; Inner retinal layer opacification and prominent retinal pigment epithelium at the fovea with Diminished inner retinal layer stratification

Photographer: Gayathri M S

Imaging device: Heidelberg Spectralis HRA+OCT

Condition/keywords: CRAO with cilioretinal sparing, multicolor, multimodal imaging, OCT biomarkers, reflectance

May 1 2025 by Tejaswita Verma

Fundus photo of a middle aged male with CRAO partially sparing cilioretinal artery and papillomacular bundle. Vision 6/60.

Photographer: Dr. Tejaswita Verma

Imaging device: MIRANTE

Condition/keywords: CRAO with cilioretinal sparing

May 1 2025 by Tejaswita Verma

Fundus photo of a middle aged male with 6/60 vision in left eye showing CRAO partially sparing cilioretinal artery.

Photographer: Dr. Tejaswita Verma

Imaging device: MIRANTE

Condition/keywords: cilioretinal sparing, CRAO

Apr 3 2025 by Tejaswita Verma

Fundus photo of a middle-aged diabetic male showing Ozurdex implant in situ with laser marks.

Photographer: Tejaswita Verma

Imaging device: MIRANTE

Condition/keywords: dexamethasone implant, ozurdex

Mar 27 2025 by Nikhil K Bommakanti, MD

A middle-aged patient presented with a combined traction and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Condition/keywords: Active PDR Tractional retinal Detachment, PDR, Retinal Detachment, rrd, TRD

Feb 25 2025 by Virginia Gebhart

53 year old female with confirmed MIDD (genetic testing at Emory). Vision is stable with progressing GA but still central sparing OU. No evidence of choroidal neovascularization. Moderate myopia.

Photographer: Virginia Gebhart, Retina Consultants of Carolina

Imaging device: Topcon 50DX

Condition/keywords: geographic atrophy, Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD), MIDD

Jan 12 2025 by Niloofar Piri, MD

Fundus Autofluorescence image of right posterior pole in a 43 year old female who was referred for diabetic retinopathy evaluation, demonstrated multiple patches of hypoautrofluorescence surrounding the nerve and fovea. Please note that central fovea is spared. Granular hyper and hypoauto fluorescence is present in the macula and peripapillary region. She was noted to have hearing loss as well and after further evaluation was diagnosed with MIDD syndrome.

Condition/keywords: Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD), Maternally-inherited-diabetes-and-deafness-(MIDD) syndrome, Mitochondrial Disorder

Dec 5 2024 by Tejaswita Verma

Fundus image of a middle aged male with NVD, multiple dot blot and flame shaped hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, hard exudates at the posterior pole in a case of PDR . Vision was 6/9.

Photographer: DR. TEJASWITA VERMA

Imaging device: MIRANTE

Condition/keywords: NEOVASCULARISATION OF DISC, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)

Nov 30 2024 by John S. King, MD

Both right and left eyes have symmetrical ring of mottled hypo/hyper AF around the fovea and disc. The HyperAF areas correspond to RPE deposits on OCT as well as areas of blockage on FA, and drusenoid deposits seen on fundus photos 57 yo WF referred for AMD vs Pattern Dystrophy that was diagnosed 10 years ago. Reported some slow progressive vision loss in both eyes for distance and near. Denies nyctalopia or hemeralopia. Background medical history includes HTN, CVD, and DM. No family history of eye problems. Denied pentosan use. Anterior segment showed moderate cataracts (OD>OS). Posterior segment exam showed macular changes and mild NPDR. The macular appearance showed a symmetrical, paramacular ring of fleck-like drusenoid material with some faint focal areas of RPE hyperplasia. Fundus Photos, AF, OCT were performed as well as a gene test. Further questioning showed revealed that her mother and maternal grandmother had both diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The patient developed diabetes in her teens, and some high frequency hearing loss in her early twenties. She had not had a previous genetic test or diagnosis of MIDD. Gene testing is pending for the mitochondrial component. Invitae's retinal panel, which does not include mitochondrial disorders, only showed a variant of uncertain significance, HMCN1. I discussed this case with Dr. Freund, and it is similar to a the case report : Inoue M, Kiss S, Freund KB. MACULAR PIGMENT RINGS AS THE PRESENTING FINDING OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, ENCEPHALOPATHY, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, AND STROKELIKE EPISODES. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2015 Fall;9(4):260-4. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000182. PMID: 26200388.

Photographer: Grace Melton and Carley Gunn

Imaging device: Clarus

Condition/keywords: Macular Dystrophy, Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness, MIDD, Mitochondrial Disorder

Nov 30 2024 by John S. King, MD

Both right and left eyes have symmetrical ring of mottled hypo/hyper AF around the fovea and disc. The HyperAF areas correspond to RPE deposits on OCT as well as areas of blockage on FA, and drusenoid deposits seen on fundus photos. Disc drusen in right eye present as HyperAF spot 57 yo WF referred for AMD vs Pattern Dystrophy that was diagnosed 10 years ago. Reported some slow progressive vision loss in both eyes for distance and near. Denies nyctalopia or hemeralopia. Background medical history includes HTN, CVD, and DM. No family history of eye problems. Denied pentosan use. Anterior segment showed moderate cataracts (OD>OS). Posterior segment exam showed macular changes and mild NPDR. The macular appearance showed a symmetrical, paramacular ring of fleck-like drusenoid material with some faint focal areas of RPE hyperplasia. Fundus Photos, AF, OCT were performed as well as a gene test. Further questioning showed revealed that her mother and maternal grandmother had both diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The patient developed diabetes in her teens, and some high frequency hearing loss in her early twenties. She had not had a previous genetic test or diagnosis of MIDD. Gene testing is pending for the mitochondrial component. Invitae's retinal panel, which does not include mitochondrial disorders, only showed a variant of uncertain significance, HMCN1. I discussed this case with Dr. Freund, and it is similar to a the case report : Inoue M, Kiss S, Freund KB. MACULAR PIGMENT RINGS AS THE PRESENTING FINDING OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, ENCEPHALOPATHY, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, AND STROKELIKE EPISODES. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2015 Fall;9(4):260-4. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000182. PMID: 26200388.

Photographer: Grace Melton and Carley Gunn

Imaging device: Clarus

Condition/keywords: Macular Dystrophy, Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness, MIDD, Mitochondrial Disorder

Nov 30 2024 by John S. King, MD

Both the right and left Eye have fairly symmetrical, extrafoveal drusenoid-like flecks and focal and faint areas of RPE hyperplasia (in addition to mild NPDR and PPA) 57 yo WF referred for AMD vs Pattern Dystrophy that was diagnosed 10 years ago. Reported some slow progressive vision loss in both eyes for distance and near. Denies nyctalopia or hemeralopia. Background medical history includes HTN, CVD, and DM. No family history of eye problems. Denied pentosan use. Anterior segment showed moderate cataracts (OD>OS). Posterior segment exam showed macular changes and mild NPDR. The macular appearance showed a symmetrical, paramacular ring of fleck-like drusenoid material with some faint focal areas of RPE hyperplasia. Fundus Photos, AF, OCT were performed as well as a gene test. Further questioning showed revealed that her mother and maternal grandmother had both diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The patient developed diabetes in her teens, and some high frequency hearing loss in her early twenties. She had not had a previous genetic test or diagnosis of MIDD. Gene testing is pending for the mitochondrial component. Invitae's retinal panel, which does not include mitochondrial disorders, only showed a variant of uncertain significance, HMCN1. I discussed this case with Dr. Freund, and it is similar to a the case report : Inoue M, Kiss S, Freund KB. MACULAR PIGMENT RINGS AS THE PRESENTING FINDING OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, ENCEPHALOPATHY, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, AND STROKELIKE EPISODES. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2015 Fall;9(4):260-4. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000182. PMID: 26200388.

Photographer: Grace Melton and Carley Gunn

Imaging device: Clarus

Condition/keywords: Macular Dystrophy, Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness, MIDD, Mitochondrial Disorder

Nov 30 2024 by John S. King, MD

Both the right and left Eye have fairly symmetrical, extrafoveal drusenoid-like flecks and focal and faint areas of RPE hyperplasia (in addition to mild NPDR and PPA) 57 yo WF referred for AMD vs Pattern Dystrophy that was diagnosed 10 years ago. Reported some slow progressive vision loss in both eyes for distance and near. Denies nyctalopia or hemeralopia. Background medical history includes HTN, CVD, and DM. No family history of eye problems. Denied pentosan use. Anterior segment showed moderate cataracts (OD>OS). Posterior segment exam showed macular changes and mild NPDR. The macular appearance showed a symmetrical, paramacular ring of fleck-like drusenoid material with some faint focal areas of RPE hyperplasia. Fundus Photos, AF, OCT were performed as well as a gene test. Further questioning showed revealed that her mother and maternal grandmother had both diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The patient developed diabetes in her teens, and some high frequency hearing loss in her early twenties. She had not had a previous genetic test or diagnosis of MIDD. Gene testing is pending for the mitochondrial component. Invitae's retinal panel, which does not include mitochondrial disorders, only showed a variant of uncertain significance, HMCN1. I discussed this case with Dr. Freund, and it is similar to a the case report : Inoue M, Kiss S, Freund KB. MACULAR PIGMENT RINGS AS THE PRESENTING FINDING OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, ENCEPHALOPATHY, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, AND STROKELIKE EPISODES. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2015 Fall;9(4):260-4. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000182. PMID: 26200388.

Photographer: Grace Melton and Carley Gunn

Imaging device: Clarus

Condition/keywords: Macular Dystrophy, Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness, MIDD, Mitochondrial Disorder

Nov 30 2024 by John S. King, MD

OCT shows mild RPE deposit inferiorly (corresponds to area of FA blockage and HyperAF) and a focal area of iRORA with loss of EZ more superiorly (possibly due to regression of RPE deposit). No choroidal thickening (like in pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy or cscr) 57 yo WF referred for AMD vs Pattern Dystrophy that was diagnosed 10 years ago. Reported some slow progressive vision loss in both eyes for distance and near. Denies nyctalopia or hemeralopia. Background medical history includes HTN, CVD, and DM. No family history of eye problems. Denied pentosan use. Anterior segment showed moderate cataracts (OD>OS). Posterior segment exam showed macular changes and mild NPDR. The macular appearance showed a symmetrical, paramacular ring of fleck-like drusenoid material with some faint focal areas of RPE hyperplasia. Fundus Photos, AF, OCT were performed as well as a gene test. Further questioning showed revealed that her mother and maternal grandmother had both diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The patient developed diabetes in her teens, and some high frequency hearing loss in her early twenties. She had not had a previous genetic test or diagnosis of MIDD. Gene testing is pending for the mitochondrial component. Invitae's retinal panel, which does not include mitochondrial disorders, only showed a variant of uncertain significance, HMCN1. I discussed this case with Dr. Freund, and it is similar to a the case report : Inoue M, Kiss S, Freund KB. MACULAR PIGMENT RINGS AS THE PRESENTING FINDING OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, ENCEPHALOPATHY, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, AND STROKELIKE EPISODES. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2015 Fall;9(4):260-4. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000182. PMID: 26200388.

Photographer: Grace Melton and Carley Gunn

Imaging device: Zeiss Cirrus

Condition/keywords: Macular Dystrophy, Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness, MIDD, Mitochondrial Disorder

Nov 30 2024 by John S. King, MD

Magnified section of radial scan through the left eye showing a focal nodular RPE deposit that corresponds to a focal drusenoid deposit in temporal macula, that HypoFLs and HyperAFs. Choroid not significantly thickened or thinned, and the nodular thickening may be just above a large outer choroid vessel?) 57 yo WF referred for AMD vs Pattern Dystrophy that was diagnosed 10 years ago. Reported some slow progressive vision loss in both eyes for distance and near. Denies nyctalopia or hemeralopia. Background medical history includes HTN, CVD, and DM. No family history of eye problems. Denied pentosan use. Anterior segment showed moderate cataracts (OD>OS). Posterior segment exam showed macular changes and mild NPDR. The macular appearance showed a symmetrical, paramacular ring of fleck-like drusenoid material with some faint focal areas of RPE hyperplasia. Fundus Photos, AF, OCT were performed as well as a gene test. Further questioning showed revealed that her mother and maternal grandmother had both diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The patient developed diabetes in her teens, and some high frequency hearing loss in her early twenties. She had not had a previous genetic test or diagnosis of MIDD. Gene testing is pending for the mitochondrial component. Invitae's retinal panel, which does not include mitochondrial disorders, only showed a variant of uncertain significance, HMCN1. I discussed this case with Dr. Freund, and it is similar to a the case report : Inoue M, Kiss S, Freund KB. MACULAR PIGMENT RINGS AS THE PRESENTING FINDING OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, ENCEPHALOPATHY, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, AND STROKELIKE EPISODES. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2015 Fall;9(4):260-4. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000182. PMID: 26200388.

Photographer: Grace Melton and Carley Gunn

Imaging device: Zeiss Cirrus

Condition/keywords: Macular Dystrophy, Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness, MIDD, Mitochondrial Disorder

Nov 30 2024 by John S. King, MD

Both eyes had similar FA findings. There was no dark choroid or signs of leakage. Granular staining around the fovea and disc were present, and the HypoAF areas corresponded to the drusenoid deposits that showed HyperAF. Mild MAs present due to NPDR 57 yo WF referred for AMD vs Pattern Dystrophy that was diagnosed 10 years ago. Reported some slow progressive vision loss in both eyes for distance and near. Denies nyctalopia or hemeralopia. Background medical history includes HTN, CVD, and DM. No family history of eye problems. Denied pentosan use. Anterior segment showed moderate cataracts (OD>OS). Posterior segment exam showed macular changes and mild NPDR. The macular appearance showed a symmetrical, paramacular ring of fleck-like drusenoid material with some faint focal areas of RPE hyperplasia. Fundus Photos, AF, OCT were performed as well as a gene test. Further questioning showed revealed that her mother and maternal grandmother had boith diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The patient developed diabetes in her teens, and some high frequency hearing loss in her early twenties. She had not had a previous genetic test or diagnosis of MIDD. Gene testing is pending for the mitochondrial component. Invitae's retinal panel, which does not include mitochondrial disorders, only showed a variant of uncertain significance, HMCN1. I discussed this case with Dr. Freund, and it is similar to a the case report : Inoue M, Kiss S, Freund KB. MACULAR PIGMENT RINGS AS THE PRESENTING FINDING OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, ENCEPHALOPATHY, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, AND STROKELIKE EPISODES. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2015 Fall;9(4):260-4. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000182. PMID: 26200388.

Photographer: Grace Melton and Carley Gunn

Imaging device: Clarus

Condition/keywords: Macular Dystrophy, Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness, MIDD, Mitochondrial Disorder

Nov 30 2024 by John S. King, MD

Both eyes had similar FA findings. There was no dark choroid or signs of leakage. Granular staining around the fovea and disc were present, and the HypoAF areas corresponded to the drusenoid deposits that showed HyperAF. Mild MAs present due to NPDR 57 yo WF referred for AMD vs Pattern Dystrophy that was diagnosed 10 years ago. Reported some slow progressive vision loss in both eyes for distance and near. Denies nyctalopia or hemeralopia. Background medical history includes HTN, CVD, and DM. No family history of eye problems. Denied pentosan use. Anterior segment showed moderate cataracts (OD>OS). Posterior segment exam showed macular changes and mild NPDR. The macular appearance showed a symmetrical, paramacular ring of fleck-like drusenoid material with some faint focal areas of RPE hyperplasia. Fundus Photos, AF, OCT were performed as well as a gene test. Further questioning showed revealed that her mother and maternal grandmother had boith diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The patient developed diabetes in her teens, and some high frequency hearing loss in her early twenties. She had not had a previous genetic test or diagnosis of MIDD. Gene testing is pending for the mitochondrial component. Invitae's retinal panel, which does not include mitochondrial disorders, only showed a variant of uncertain significance, HMCN1. I discussed this case with Dr. Freund, and it is similar to a the case report : Inoue M, Kiss S, Freund KB. MACULAR PIGMENT RINGS AS THE PRESENTING FINDING OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, ENCEPHALOPATHY, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, AND STROKELIKE EPISODES. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2015 Fall;9(4):260-4. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000182. PMID: 26200388.

Photographer: Grace Melton and Carley Gunn

Imaging device: Clarus

Condition/keywords: Macular Dystrophy, Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness, MIDD, Mitochondrial Disorder

Nov 4 2024 by Tejaswita Verma

Fundus photograph of a middle aged male with diabetes showing large FVP following NVD.

Photographer: DR. TEJASWITA VERMA

Imaging device: MIRANTE

Condition/keywords: FVPs, neovascularization of the disc (NVD), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)

Sep 17 2024 by Nicolas A Yannuzzi, MD

The PD simulates Stargardt disease/fundus flavimaculatus with irregular yellow-white flecks scattered throughout the posterior pole. Some lesions extend beyond the retinal vascular arcades.

Condition/keywords: inherited retinal disease, pattern dystrophy

Jul 27 2024 by Gokcen Deniz Gulpinar Ikiz

7 Year old girl presented with blurred vision on the left eye, with intermittent esotopia. She had been followed conservatively for intermittent esotropia on the left eye, recently advised for patching of the right eye. The vision is 1.0 on the right eye and 0.4 (Snellen) on the left eye. Anterior segment is natural bilaterally, except 20 PD esotropia on the left eye, with alternation and fixation. Refraction was +0.25 +0.25 x180 and +1.00-1.50 x60 on the right and left eyes respectively. Dilated fundus examination was natural on the right eye. However, there was a fibrotic stalk originating from the optic nerve head extending to the vitreous, terminating in the middle of the vitreous cavity, in a spider web configuration. Which also causes nasal dragging of the macula, leading to partial shallow detachment of the fovea nasally. Vitrectomy is advised for the left eye, with lens preserving approach, to preserve the current functional potential and the anatomy of the globe in long term.

Photographer: Gokcen Deniz Gulpinar Ikiz, Special Eye Clinic

Condition/keywords: amblyopia, posterior PFV, vitrectomy

May 24 2024 by Gustavo Del Castillo-Marquez, MD

EN FACE OCT ANGIOPLEX ELITE image of an 44-year-old man with Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy of early onset.

Photographer: Gustavo Del Castillo-Márquez, Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México, CDMX

Imaging device: Zeis Ciruss Angioplex 5000

Condition/keywords: enface imaging, PAMM

May 13 2024 by Gabrielle Hallai

Multifocal ERG responses from a control individual with no known retinal pathology is shown on the left. The topographical maps (left of each panel) demonstrate the patient’s pattern of responses. The trace arrays (right of each panel) demonstrate the patient’s multifocal ERG responses. The middle set of images demonstrates responses from a patient with Stargardt disease. The topographical map shows decreased patterns throughout the macula. The traces show decreased central response with preserved, but diminished responses in the periphery. The final set of images is from a patient with retinitis pigmentosa. In this case, the topographical map shows a small, green peak in the center. In the trace array, there are extinguished responses in the periphery with a diminished response in the center. Multifocal ERG testing was completed using the Diagnosys LCD Pattern Stimulator.

Photographer: Gabrielle Hallai, PhD, Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute

Imaging device: Diagnosys LCD Pattern Stimulator

Condition/keywords: electroretinography, multifocal ERG (MFERG), retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease

Mar 12 2024 by MEENAL SONI

A middle-aged man with idiopathic hypertension presented with old IT BRVO, sclerosed vein on with hemorrhages on fundus examination. FFA reveals delayed filling of vein with pruning of venules resembling buds on tree.

Photographer: Dr. Meenal Soni, Fellow VR, ASG eye Hospital Jodhpur

Imaging device: ZEISS Visucam 400

Condition/keywords: non-perfused branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)

Feb 17 2024 by Nikhil K Bommakanti, MD

A middle-aged man with a history of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair in the fellow eye several years prior presented with reduced vision, which he had noticed two days before.

Condition/keywords: retinal detachment of the macula, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Jan 7 2024 by MEENAL SONI

A middle aged female presented to the OPD with diminution of vision in right eye for past 7 days. Fundus examination findings depict supero-temporal AV crossing changes with macular hard exudates and oedema. On FFA we could clearly visualise the artery compressing the vein with leakage of dye in late phase extending into the macular region. On systemic evaluation the patient was found to be hypertensive with deranged lipid profile. She was advised injection anti VEGF for macular oedema and a physician consult for commencing the treatment for systemic condition. Despite a physician reference patient was not started on anti hypertensives and later presented with frank STBRVO with macular oedema after 3 months.

Photographer: Dr. Meenal Soni, VR fellow ASG eye hospital, Jodhpur (Raj)

Imaging device: Visucam

Condition/keywords: Impending BRVO with macular edema