Search results (307 results)

May 22 2025 by Kimberly Wakester

Optomap RGB of an 82-year-old man with Neovascular AMD with Active CNV and Dry AMD in the right eye. There is advanced atrophic changes without subfoveal involvement located temporally to the fovea. Patient is to continue follow up care with dilated exam, repeat OCT, and treatment of intravitreal injection of Vabysmo every 5 weeks at this time.

Photographer: Kimberly Wakester, COA, OCT-C

Imaging device: Optos California

Condition/keywords: advanced geographic atrophy, dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Feb 25 2025 by Virginia Gebhart

53 year old female with confirmed MIDD (genetic testing at Emory). Vision is stable with progressing GA but still central sparing OU. No evidence of choroidal neovascularization. Moderate myopia.

Photographer: Virginia Gebhart, Retina Consultants of Carolina

Imaging device: Topcon 50DX

Condition/keywords: geographic atrophy, Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD), MIDD

Nov 27 2024 by Virginia Gebhart

77 year old female with advanced geographic atrophy after years of Elmiron use (stopped in 2018). Serial exams show continued progression of GA. Central vision limited, vision remains stable and patient does not report noticing any changes.

Photographer: Virginia Gebhart, Retina Consultants of Carolina

Imaging device: Optos California

Condition/keywords: geographic atrophy, secondary pigmentary degeneration, toxic maculopathy

May 13 2024 by Gabrielle Hallai

Electrooculogram responses on the left from a control individual with no known retinal pathology. There is a clear dark trough around 13 minutes (arrow down) and a light peak around 25 minutes (arrow up). The Arden ratio, or the light peak to dark trough ratio, is 2.54, indicative of normal retinal pigment epithelium function (normal > 1.80, abnormal < 1.65). On the right-hand side, there is a representative image from an individual with Best macular dystrophy. Note the reduced responses for both the dark and light phase. There is a reduced Arden ratio of 1.23, suggestive of abnormal retinal pigment epithelium function. An abnormal Arden ratio is universal in Best vitelliform macular dystrophy and is the most common electroretinographic change in this disease. Other bestrophinopathies such as autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy may have normal EOG. EOG testing was completed on the Diagnosys ColorDome.

Photographer: Gabrielle Hallai, PhD, Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute

Imaging device: Diagnosys ColorDome

Condition/keywords: Best disease, electrooculogram, electroretinography, EOG

Apr 22 2024 by Angela Rico

59 year-old female with MM1 Mitochondrial Genetic Defect. V/A- OD: 20/25, OS:20/40

Photographer: Angela Rico M.D.

Condition/keywords: Dystrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Mar 28 2024 by Houda Brarou

Familial Dominant Drusen is a genetically inherited retinal dystrophy and thought to represent an early-onset variant of age related macular degeneration. The gene responsible is EFEMP1 and inherited in autosomal dominant manner with variable expressivity. It is represented with multiple radially elongated small drusen in early stages and in later stages they become larger and more confluent. Geographic atrophy occurs in advanced stages.

Photographer: Houda Braou , Mohammed V military hospital of Rabat

Imaging device: TOPCON DRI OCT Triton Plus

Condition/keywords: FAMILIAL DOMINANT DRUSEN

Feb 15 2024 by HECTOR ARTURO MENDEZ PONCE

Autofluorescence that shows geographic atrophy in a 79 year old patient with dry age-related macular degeneration.

Photographer: Hector Arturo Mendez Ponce, MD

Imaging device: Heidelberg Spectralis

Condition/keywords: dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), geographic atrophy

Feb 1 2024 by Alejandro Cruz

88-year-old woman with dry age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy

Photographer: Alejandro Cruz, MD, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México

Imaging device: Clarus 700

Condition/keywords: Drusen, dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), geographic atrophy, macular degeneration, retina

Jan 25 2024 by Virginia Gebhart

79 year old female with intermediate dry AMD. Small area of geographic atrophy superior, large drusen and stippled RPE changes. BCVA 20/40

Photographer: Virginia Gebhart

Imaging device: Topcon

Condition/keywords: age-related macular degeneration (AMD), dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), geographic atrophy

Nov 16 2023 by Virginia Gebhart

67 year old female with Neovascular AMD with inactive CNV. Extensive geographic atrophy with minimal foveal sparing. Extensive ectopic CNV just superiorly to ON remains inactive. Discussed with pt treating with Syfovre to slow down GA progression

Photographer: Virginia Gebhart

Imaging device: Optos

Condition/keywords: advanced geographic atrophy, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), geographic atrophy

Sep 21 2023 by Ben Serar

Fundus photograph of RE showing Geographic Atrophy in a case of Age- Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD).

Condition/keywords: Age- Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), geographic atrophy

Sep 12 2023 by Ben Serar

Fundus photograph of the LE showing an irregular, yellow-white, juxtapapillary, choroidal lesion with well-defined geographic borders; with diffuse and mottled depigmentation of the overlying pigment epithelium; and multiple small vascular networks on the tumor surface.

Condition/keywords: choroidal osteoma

Sep 12 2023 by Ben Serar

Fundus photograph of the RE showing an irregular, yellow-white, juxtapapillary, choroidal lesion with well-defined geographic borders; with diffuse and mottled depigmentation of the overlying pigment epithelium; and multiple small vascular networks on the tumor surface.

Condition/keywords: choroidal osteoma

May 26 2023 by Virginia Gebhart

51-year-old female with dry AMD, advanced atrophic without subfoveal involvement OU. Genetic testing confirmed MIDD (maternal inherited diabetes and deafness) which is a mitochondrial inherited dystrophy. Unaware of any family hx of macular degeneration.

Photographer: Virginia Gebhart, Retina Consultants of Carolina

Imaging device: Topcon TRC 50DX

Condition/keywords: advanced geographic atrophy, geographic atrophy

Jan 26 2022 by Olivia Rainey

Heidelberg Spectralis fluorescein angiography of a 94-year-old woman with Macular Degeneration affecting both eyes. The FA reveals transmission defects consistent with RPE changes and geographic atrophy of RPE of both eyes, as well as window defects consistent with peripheral scarring in the right eye. The patient's vision was Dcc20/70 in both eyes at the visit the images were taken.

Photographer: Olivia Rainey, OCT-C, COA

Imaging device: Heidelberg Spectralis

Condition/keywords: 30-degrees, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), early phase, fluorescein angiogram (FA), geographic atrophy, heidelberg spectralis, macular degeneration, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Jun 13 2021 by Priya Rasipuram Chandrasekaran, MBBS, DO, DNB, FRCS

This is the fundus photo showing numerous yellow, small, hard drusen distributed throughout the retina. The corresponding OCT shows numerous elevated lesions underneath the RPE causing RPE elevations and arranged in a saw-tooth manner. Macular complications include acquired vitelliform lesion, choroidal neovascular membrane and geographic atrophy which are common after 60 years of age. It is usually associated with mutations in complement factor H. Basal laminar drusen, diffuse drusen and early adult onset grouped drusen are other alternative names. The differential diagnosis includes autosomal dominant drusen, pattern macular dystrophy, Sorsby macular drusen, mitochondrial macular dystrophy and so on.

Condition/keywords: cuticular drusen

Aug 5 2020 by Dhaivat Shah

A 54-year-old healthy male presented to us with a decreased vision in right eye since past 8 years. The patient gave a history of bleed in right eye before 8 years for which some intravitreal injection was given; post which there no major visual improvement. No details or documentation was available regarding the same. His BCVA in the right eye was 5/60. Fundus examination revealed a sharply demarcated hypopigmented patch over the macula with mild posterior excavation suggestive of macular scar. OCT image shows foveal thinning with loss of Retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal layers (RORA). There are 2 types of RORAs, complete and incomplete. Complete RORA and incomplete RORA are entities defined by various imaging modalities describing atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelial and the outer retinal layers. OCT imaging defines incomplete RORA (iRORA) as a region of signal hyper transmission into the choroid and a corresponding zone of attenuation ordisruption of the RPE (<250um) and evidence of overlying photoreceptor degeneration (<250um). There should not be any RPE tear associated with it. OCT imaging describes complete RORA (cRORA) based on 4 inclusion criteria. These include, area of hypertransmission of more than 250um, zone of attenuation or disruption of the RPE of more than 250um in diameter, evidence of overlying photoreceptor degeneration and absence of scrolled RPE or other signs of an RPE tear. Other modalities used to define these include fundus autoflourescence(FAF), near infrared reflectance(NIR) and color fundus photograph(CFP). On CFP, it shows a sharply demarcated hypopigmented of >250um size with better visibility of choroidal vessels. FAF shows a hypo autoflourescent patch with sharply demarcated borders of size >250um, the colour of which is similar to that of the optic nerve head or retinal blood vessels excluding any pigmentation or artefact. On NIR, it shows a hyperreflective area with sharply demarcated borders of >250um size excluding any artefact. RORA can be seen in conditions like geographical atrophy in ARMD, central areolar choroidal dystrophy, atrophy secondary to anti-VEGF treatment. References: 1. Sadda SR, Guymer R, Holz FG, et al. Consensus Definition for Atrophy Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration on OCT: Classification of Atrophy Report 3 [published correction appears in Ophthalmology. 2019 Jan;126(1):177]. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(4):537-548. 2. Guymer RH, Rosenfeld PJ, Curcio CA, et al. Incomplete Retinal Pigment Epithelial and Outer Retinal Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Classification of Atrophy Meeting Report 4. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(3):394-409. 3. Eng VA, Rayess N, Nguyen HV, Leng T. Complete RPE and outer retinal atrophy in patients receiving anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0232353.

Photographer: Miss Anjum Zafar Khan

Imaging device: Choithram Netralaya

Condition/keywords: macular scar, outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium

May 11 2020 by Gayathri Mohan

Fundus autofluorescence image of a patient with geographic atrophy.

Photographer: Gayathri Mohan, Retina Foundation

Imaging device: Mirante, Nidek

Condition/keywords: fundus autofluorescence (FAF), geographic atrophy

May 10 2020 by Gayathri Mohan

Image of a patient with geographic atrophy taken in retro mode. The deeper choroidal vessels are prominently seen.

Photographer: Gayathri Mohan, Retina Foundation

Imaging device: Mirante, Nidek

Condition/keywords: geographic atrophy, retro

May 10 2020 by Gayathri Mohan

Color fundus photograph of a patient with geographic atrophy.

Photographer: Gayathri Mohan, Retina Foundation

Imaging device: Mirante, Nidek

Condition/keywords: fundus photograph, geographic atrophy

Apr 10 2020 by Dipak Nag, MBBS, FCPS, MSc, FRF

A 12-year-old boy visited our clinic for sudden, painless blurring of vision and metamorphopsia in left eye that he noticed 7 days back. His BCVA was 6/60 in left eye. Anterior segment examination was unremarkable. On fundus examination of his left eye showed a yellow-white lesion at the macula with well-defined geographic border and diffuse and mottled depigmentation of the overlying pigment epithelium, of which an elevated gray-green areas at the center with subretinal hemorrhage around. The right eye was found normal.

Photographer: Mr. Shamsuddin

Condition/keywords: choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM)

Mar 11 2020 by RAFAEL REIS PEREIRA, MD

Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) is a unique variant of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Published studies have estimated that up to 15% of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration have RAP. Clinical features frequently associated with RAP include bilateral disease, presence of pigment epithelial detachments, and reticular pseudodrusen. RAP is more frequently associated with the development of retinal pigment epithelial tears and geographic atrophy that can lead to severe vision loss. We present a stereo fluorescein angiography and ICG (upper right and left image respectively) and OCT of left and right eye (middle and inferior image) of a RAP choroidal neovascularization in an 89-year-old patient.

Photographer: Rafael Reis Pereira

Imaging device: HRA Heildelberg Spectralis

Condition/keywords: retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP)

Dec 19 2019 by Olivia Rainey

Bilateral wide field fundus autofluorescence images of a 54-year-old female with macular pattern dystrophy associated with MELAS. The patient is positive for m.3243A>G in MT-TL1. She had stroke in her 40s, hearing loss in her 30s, and has early onset diabetes. MyRetinaTracker shows VUS in RP1L1. Mutation in RP1L1 have been describe in other families with occult macular dystrophy. Farnsworth D15 is showing mild tritan abnormality, which is most commonly seen with acquired maculopathies. 12/17/19 patient's Optos and OCT show mild progression of atrophy.

Photographer: Olivia Rainey

Imaging device: Optos California

Condition/keywords: advanced geographic atrophy, bilateral, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), MELAS, Optos, pattern macular dystrophy, wide angle imaging

Dec 19 2019 by Olivia Rainey

Bilateral wide field pseudocolor images of a 54-year-old female with macular pattern dystrophy associated with MELAS. The patient is positive for m.3243A>G in MT-TL1. She had stroke in her 40s, hearing loss in her 30s, and has early onset diabetes. MyRetinaTracker shows VUS in RP1L1. Mutation in RP1L1 have been describe in other families with occult macular dystrophy. Farnsworth D15 is showing mild tritan abnormality, which is most commonly seen with acquired maculopathies. 12/17/19 patient's Optos and OCT show mild progression of atrophy.

Photographer: Olivia Rainey

Imaging device: Optos California

Condition/keywords: advanced geographic atrophy, bilateral, fundus photograph, MELAS, Optos, pattern macular dystrophy, pseudocolor, wide angle imaging

Dec 12 2019 by Darin R. Goldman, MD

This OCT B-scan shows geographic atrophy (GA) in dry age-related macular degeneration. There is focal atrophy of the RPE and outer retinal layers underneath the fovea, which is typical of GA. The loss of RPE in the affected area, relative to the surrounding macula, results in reverse shadowing within the underlying choroid. This effect is due to more penetration of the optical signal from the OCT illumination source owing to a relative absence of light being reflected as it normally would be from intact RPE. The result is a distinct border on each side of the affected area, where the underlying choroidal signal is more intense than the immediately adjacent areas. Additionally, adjacent to the area of GA are typical drusen, which are nodule-like diffusely hyperreflective accumulations within and under the RPE/Bruch complex, and pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs), which are nodule-like elevations of the RPE with underlying hyporeflective spaces.

Condition/keywords: dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), geographic atrophy, optical coherence tomography (OCT)