Search results (222 results)

Apr 18 2025 by DR Rohit Gupta

The **myelinated nerve fibers of the optic disc** (also known as **medullated nerve fibers**) are retinal nerve fibers that retain their myelin sheath as they pass through the optic nerve head. Normally, retinal nerve fibers are unmyelinated to allow for light transparency, but in some cases, myelination extends anteriorly into the retina, appearing as a striking white, feathery patch on the optic disc or peripapillary retina. ### **Key Features:** 1. **Appearance:** - Dense, white, striated patches with feathery edges. - Typically located at the superior or inferior pole of the optic disc. - May obscure retinal vessels underneath. 2. **Clinical Significance:** - Usually **benign** and asymptomatic. - **Congenital** (present at birth or early childhood). - Rarely associated with **visual field defects** (e.g., scotomas corresponding to the area of myelination). - Occasionally linked with **high myopia** or **amblyopia** if extensive. 3. **Pathophysiology:** - Failure of oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells to stop myelination at the lamina cribrosa. - Normally, myelination stops at the optic nerve head, but in this condition, it extends into the retina. 4. **Diagnosis:** - **Fundoscopy:** Classic white, feathery appearance. - **Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT):** Shows thickened retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). - **Visual Field Testing:** May detect defects if large. 5. **Differential Diagnosis:** - Optic disc edema - Cotton wool spots - Retinoblastoma (rarely, but must be ruled out in children) 6. **Management:** - No treatment required if asymptomatic. - Monitor for amblyopia in children. - Rare cases with significant visual impairment may need further evaluation. ### **Fun Fact:** Myelinated nerve fibers are seen in **~0.5-1%** of the population and are usually an incidental finding.

Photographer: Dr Rohit gupta

Imaging device: Samsung S21

Condition/keywords: Medulated Nerve fibre, Medullated Nerve fibres, myelinated nerve fibers, Myelinated Nerve Fibres, optic disc drusen

Apr 6 2024 by Hector Gabriel Moreno Solano, MD, MHA

Fundus photography of a 5 yea-old Mexican child with bilateral retinoblastoma following unilateral enucleation and 4 cycles of intra-arterial chemotherapy in her only remaining eye. The image shows a successfully treated tumor with a completely calcificied regression.

Photographer: Héctor Gabriel Moreno-Solano, MD, MHA

Imaging device: SmartPhone (IPhone 11 pro Max)

Condition/keywords: pediatric retina, pediatric tumor, retinoblastoma

Mar 10 2024 by Alexandre Grandinetti, MD, PhD

Inferior retinal detachment occurring 6 years after treatment with intraarterial chemotherapy and laser in an 8-year-old boy.

Photographer: Corina Szrek

Condition/keywords: pediatric, retinoblastoma

Jan 19 2024 by Hector Gabriel Moreno Solano, MD, MHA

Fundus photography of a 5- Year-old Mexican child with bilateral retinoblastoma following unilateral enucleation and 4 cycles of intra-arterial chemotherapy in her only remaining eye. The image shows a succesfully treated tumor with a completely calcificied regression.

Photographer: Hector Solano, Hospital General de Zona #20 IMSS, Puebla

Imaging device: SmartPhone (IPhone 11 ProMax)

Condition/keywords: pediatic retina, pediatric tumor, retinoblastoma

Nov 1 2023 by ANKIT JAIN

USG B SCAN image showing hyperechogenic mass lesion with moderate spikes with restricted after movements on dynamic scan. In between high spikes noted suggestive of calcification in a case of Retinoblastoma

Photographer: DR ANKIT JAIN

Condition/keywords: B scan ultrasound, retinoblastoma, ultrasound

Sep 11 2023 by Naveenam Srinivasa Muralidhar, MD

Optos widefield image of left eye of a 31 year old male c/o defective vision in left eye since 6 years with esotropia of 30 degree. Fundus shows translucent greyish mass temporal to macula surrounded by zone of atrophy with pigmentation. Right eye fundus within normal limits.

Photographer: Mr. Vedavyasa N K

Imaging device: Optos

Condition/keywords: optos, Retinoma, spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma

Dec 10 2022 by Jordan D Deaner, MD

6-year-old female referred for left eye pain with elevated intraocular pressure, neovascularization of the iris, and a hypopyon concerned for uveitis eventually diagnosed with pseudohypopyon secondary to diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma.

Condition/keywords: Retinoblastoma Pseudohypopyon

Nov 8 2022 by Heitor Nogueira

Calcified retinoblastoma after chemotherapy therapy

Photographer: Heitor Nogueira, Penido Burnier Institute, Campinas-SP, Brazil

Condition/keywords: retinoblastoma

Nov 6 2022 by Akansha Sharma

WIDE-FIELD COLOUR FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPH OF A 2 MONTH OLD FEMALE WITH RETINOBLASTOMA

Photographer: Dr. Akansha Sharma-Retina Foundation, Ahmedabad

Condition/keywords: RB gene mutation, retinoblastoma

Nov 6 2022 by Akansha Sharma

Wide-field color fundus photograph of a 2-month old female with retinoblastoma.

Photographer: Dr. Akansha Sharma-Retina Foundation, Ahmedabad

Condition/keywords: RB gene mutation, retinoblastoma

Jul 7 2021 by Linda A Cernichiaro- Espinosa, MD

A 3-year, 9-month-old male presented with unilateral advanced group E multifocal retinoblastoma cT3e (AJCC). Anterior seeding vascularized over the iris surface. Fluorescein angiogram fills the vascularized tumors. Aseptic orbital cellulitis, birefringent anterior segment crystals, cataract and dense vitritis are secondary to necrosis.

Photographer: Jose Oyervides-Alvarado MD

Imaging device: RetCam3

Condition/keywords: fluorescein angiogram (FA), pediatric tumor, retinoblastoma

Jul 7 2021 by Linda A Cernichiaro- Espinosa, MD

A 3-year, 9-month-old male presented with unilateral advanced group E multifocal retinoblastoma cT3e (AJCC). Anterior seeding vascularized over the iris surface. Fluorescein angiogram fills the vascularized tumors. Aseptic orbital cellulitis, birefringent anterior segment crystals, cataract and dense vitritis are secondary to necrosis.

Photographer: Jose Oyervides-Alvarado MD

Imaging device: RetCam3

Condition/keywords: retinoblastoma

Jun 9 2021 by Thirumalesh Mochi Basavaraj, MD

Vitreous seeds in a case of retinoblastoma.

Photographer: Puttaswamy, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore

Imaging device: retcam

Condition/keywords: retinoblastoma

Jun 9 2021 by Thirumalesh Mochi Basavaraj, MD

Macular retinoblastoma.

Photographer: Puttaswamy, Narayana Nethralaya

Imaging device: Retcam

Condition/keywords: tumor

Jun 9 2021 by Thirumalesh Mochi Basavaraj, MD

A case of retinoblastoma with exudative retinal detachment and subretinal seeding.

Photographer: Puttaswamy, Narayan Nethralaya, Bangalore

Imaging device: Retcam

Condition/keywords: exudative retinal detachment

Jun 9 2021 by Thirumalesh Mochi Basavaraj, MD

Inferotemporal tumor is blanched immediately post TTT, in comparison to the nasal tumor which has not received TTT.

Photographer: Puttaswamy, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore

Imaging device: Retcam

Condition/keywords: retinoblastoma, tumor

Jun 9 2021 by Thirumalesh Mochi Basavaraj, MD

3-year-old kid with multifocal retinoblastoma.

Photographer: Puttaswamy , Narayana Nethralaya , Bangalore

Imaging device: Retcam

Condition/keywords: retinoblastoma

Jun 9 2021 by Thirumalesh Mochi Basavaraj, MD

Group D retinoblastoma.

Photographer: Puttaswamy, Narayana Nethralaya

Imaging device: Retcam Shuttle

Condition/keywords: retinoblastoma

Jun 9 2021 by Thirumalesh Mochi Basavaraj, MD

Large retinoblastoma.

Photographer: Puttaswamy ,Narayana Nethralaya

Imaging device: Retcam shuttle

Condition/keywords: retinoblastoma

Apr 23 2021 by Giselle DeOliveira

Angiography of retinoblastoma in 5 week old baby girl.

Photographer: Giselle DeOliveira, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami ,Fl

Imaging device: Retcam

Condition/keywords: retinoblastoma

Apr 23 2021 by Giselle DeOliveira

5 week old baby girl born with retinoblastoma.

Photographer: Giselle DeOliveira, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami ,Fl

Imaging device: Retcam

Condition/keywords: retinoblastoma

May 18 2020 by McGill University Health Centre

Image (A) shows an endophytic grayish tumor located on the retina of this enucleation specimen (arrow). Higher magnification of the same specimen (B) shows small hemorrhagic areas (arrow). The choroidal layer is not compromised.

Condition/keywords: enucleation, retinoblastoma

May 18 2020 by McGill University Health Centre

This type of tumor grows from the retina toward the choroid. In this enucleation specimen, the retina is completely detached, and the tumor is growing inside the subretinal proteinaceous fluid. Note the distance between the tumor and the optic nerve head.

Condition/keywords: enucleation, retinoblastoma

May 18 2020 by McGill University Health Centre

An exo-endophytic tumor is located on the optic nerve head and has produced a retinal detachment. Note the proteinaceous subretinal fluid. The optic nerve is thickened due to retinoblastoma infiltration.

Condition/keywords: enucleation, retinoblastoma

May 18 2020 by McGill University Health Centre

The main morphological prognostic factor for retinoblastoma is infiltration of the optic nerve. The invasion of the optic nerve has to be assessed by a pathologist in all cases. The superior calotte is removed in this enucleation specimen to show an extensively exophytic necrotic tumor occupying the vitreous chamber with severe infiltration of the optic nerve (arrowhead). Intratumoral calcification is a hallmark of this tumor and can be seen in the chalky white areas (arrow).

Condition/keywords: infiltration of the optic nerve