Search results (300 results)

Mar 12 2013 by Norman Byer

The stereoscopic atlas contains unique stereo photographs vividly portraying the changes in the peripheral fundus and their histopathology, incidence and risks.

Condition/keywords: stereo pair, video

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is the same lesion as in the previous slide pair but the photograph was taken nine years later when the patient was 58-years-old soon after an acute posterior vitreous detachment. This demonstrates that posterior vitreous detachment can produce large retinal tears at these sites. However, it is important to emphasize that prophylactic treatment of cystic retinal tufts in the absence of a retinal tear would be very ill-advised because several hundred innocence and harmless lesions would have to be treated in order to prevent one tear of the retina.

Condition/keywords: cystic retinal tuft, posterior vitreous detachment, retinal tear

Aug 23 2012 by Gerardo Garcia-Aguirre, MD

Photograph of the temporal peripheral retina showing an area of pale retina (white without pressure).

Photographer: Noemí Hernández, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México

Imaging device: Zeiss FF4

Condition/keywords: pale retina, white without pressure

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is the normal temporal ora serrata in a 26-year-old man. Note the typical ragged moth-eaten appearance caused by peripheral cystoid degeneration. This appearance may be present in infants but is always present beyond the age of eight years.

Condition/keywords: ora serrata, peripheral cystoid degeneration

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This shows the normal nasal ora serrata. Note the dentate processes which divide the nasal ora into prominent bays and teeth

Condition/keywords: dentate processes, normal nasal ora serrata, ora bay, ora teeth

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is another example of an enclosed ora bay on the temporal side. It is surrounded by normal retina and well separated from the ora serrata, which is toward the upper right just beyond the photograph. The yellow nubbin marks an abortive dentate process.

Condition/keywords: abortive dentate process, enclosed ora bay, normal eye, normal retina, ora serrata, temporal retina

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is the same lesion as in the previous photograph. With the scleral indentation placed more posterior, we now can see that the fold ends over a small collection of subretinal fluid and that there is a very tiny retinal hole just below the posterior end of the retinal fold.

Condition/keywords: peripheral cystoid degeneration, retinal fold, retinal hole, scleral indentation, subretinal fluid

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is a cyst of the pars plana located just anterior to the ora serrata in the lower temporal quadrant. It illustrates how far anterior one may visualize the fundus with indirect ophthalmoscopy and scleral indentation. Pars plana cysts are common lesions of no particular clinical significance.

Condition/keywords: cyst of the pars plana, lower temporal quadrant, ora serrata, scleral indentation

Jun 4 2014 by Henry J. Kaplan, MD

Sea fan peripheral retinal neovascularization in sickle cell anemia.

Condition/keywords: sea fan, sickle cell retinopathy

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

After six years, the previous lesion looked like this. The former flap has been completely avulsed and is now a free operculum. The white zone around the tear represents the small area of detachment and subretinal fluid. It is still asymptomatic and does not require treatment.

Condition/keywords: does not require treatment, free operculum, operculated retinal hole, subretinal fluid, white retinal tuft

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is a more typical classical example of lattice degeneration in a 42-year-old woman in a photograph taken without scleral indentation. It shows much more marked vascular changes than the previous case. Note the tapering of the blood columns as the vessels approach the lesion and also the white sheathing of the vessel walls. Note also the continuity of the blood vessels on opposite sides of the lesion with the characteristic white lattice lines. More than 45 years ago Vogt pointed this out as a proof that these white lines were actually caused by changed blood vessels. Note also that this lesion shows a combination of several individual features of lattice degeneration. In addition to the white lines, there is a reddish crater-like area beneath the main horizontal white line. There is a prominent horizontal zone below this white line showing a snailtrack appearance. Also, there are two tiny atrophic retinal holes outside the photograph on the right end of this lesion. This eye contained five such retinal holes and they have all remained unchanged for more than 10 years of observation without treatment.

Condition/keywords: atrophic retinal hole, lattice degeneration, moderate snail track, tapering blood columns, white lattice lines, white sheath vessel

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

The next two photographs are of the same lesion in a 28-year-old woman. This view shows a sloping retinal mound with a radial retinal fold in the center. This is not a typical meridional fold for it stops short of the ora serrata and there is no dentate process. The upper temporal ora serrata and pars plana are well shown and peripheral cystoid degeneration is present posterior to the ora.

Condition/keywords: ora serrata, pars plana, peripheral cystoid degeneration, radial retinal fold, sloping retinal mound

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This photograph shows a rather typical example of the white with pressure phenomenon. It may take many forms but usually has a geographic configuration with irregular borders which may be rounded or angular. Its cause is unknown but it is a very common finding in the fundus. It is important to know that it does not indicate the presence of any disease of the retina. Over a period of time, it may disappear completely or it may change its configuration or location. Other examples of this phenomenon are shown in slide pairs 81 and 103.

Condition/keywords: geographic configuration, irregular borders, white retinal lesion, white with pressure

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is the normal nasal ora serrata showing a prominent meridional fold. Such folds are most commonly seen at the lower part of the upper nasal quadrant, and are present in 26% of the population. They are a normal developmental variation and are often bilateral.

Condition/keywords: meridional fold, normal developmental variation, normal nasal ora serrata, upper nasal quadrant

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This 16-year-old girl has lattice degeneration and also this large oval retinal hole with a surrounding narrow zone of subretinal fluid. This lesion illustrates how large the atrophic holes of lattice degeneration may be. Occasionally the hole can be as large as the initial lattice lesion and can therefore obliterate all other evidence of its true identity. This was almost true in this case, but there does remain a small whitish remnant of the original lattice lesion at the lower end of the oval hole.

Condition/keywords: lattice degeneration, retinal hole, subretinal fluid, white lattice lines

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is the fellow eye of the previous patient showing three tiny delicate tufts with parts of the tufts avulsed by vitreous traction. These lesions are symmetrically located in the fellow eye as compared to the lesion in the previous two slides.

Condition/keywords: symmetrical, vitreous traction, white retinal tuft

Oct 22 2012 by Ronald C. Gentile, MD

40-year-old man from South America was referred for a peripheral retinal scar in his left eye. He had a history of conjunctivitis as a child with exposure to multiple pets (cats and dogs). Fundus photo revealed a peripheral scarred sub-retinal granuloma located superior nasal with a retinal fold and traction extending to the optic nerve.

Photographer: The New York Eye & Ear Infirmary Department of Medical Imaging

Condition/keywords: toxocariasis

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This shows the appearance of scleral indentation in a normal eye. Note the convex shadow which marks the posterior border of the indented area. It is caused in part by a small angle which separates the viewing axis from the illuminating axis thus allowing the observer to see slightly into the shadow beyond the illuminated crest of the indentation. It is also caused in part by viewing the pigment epithelial layer in a tangential manner. This shadow is of great diagnostic usefulness since it becomes a dark background against which many tiny retinal abnormalities can be seen beautifully by contrast. Two other particular advantages of scleral indentation will be demonstrated in the following photographs: First, the ability to see the extreme anterior part of the retina to the ora serrata and beyond, and second, the ability to examine any abnormality in multiple profiles depending on slight movements of the scleral depressor in various directions.

Condition/keywords: extreme anterior retina, posterior border, scleral indentation, shadow, tangential view of pigment epithelial layer

Apr 29 2022 by Otakar Dušek, M.D. Ph.D.

Colour fundus photograph of 22-year-old woman with incidentally found snail track retinal degeneration in the superior temporal periphery of the retina of the right eye.

Photographer: Otakar Dušek, Charles University, Prague

Imaging device: Zeiss Clarus

Condition/keywords: peripheral retinal degeneration

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is a rather poor photograph taken in 1969 but is important for comparison with the next slide pair. It shows a cystic retinal tuft in a 49-year-old woman and was taken without scleral indentation. The two pigment spots just inferior to the tuft represent a secondary degenerative change in the pigment epithelium.

Condition/keywords: cystic retinal tuft, degenerative changes of retinal pigment epithelium, pigmented spots

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is lattice degeneration in a 10-year-old boy showing an almost pure snailtrack feature with only a hint of a reddish crater in the center. It has not changed over 10 years. The photograph was taken with scleral indentation.

Condition/keywords: lattice degeneration, reddish crater, scleral indentation, snail track

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is the same case as seen in the previous photograph but showing an area just below the lower end of the dialysis. It shows a congenital meridional fold at the 2 o’clock meridian with a retinal break at the posterior end possibly caused by the direct injury described previously.

Condition/keywords: meridional fold, ora serrata, retinal break

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This small elevated peripheral retinal lesion in a 48-year-old woman is a cystic retinal tuft. Such tufts are congenital developmental anomalies present from birth and situated behind the vitreous base. They are sites of abnormal vitreoretinal attachment, and can occasionally lead to retinal tears at the time of posterior vitreous detachment. They are present in about 5% of patients.

Condition/keywords: abnormal vitreal retinal attachment, behind the vitreous base, congenital anomaly, cystic retinal tuft, developmental anomaly, peripheral retinal lesion, present from birth

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

In this 26-year-old woman, these two atrophic holes in a lattice lesion led to a clinical retinal detachment which was operated on successfully. In retinal detachments of this type resulting from non tractional atrophic holes, it has been found that 50% occur before the age of 30 years.

Condition/keywords: atrophic retinal hole, lattice lesion

Nov 9 2012 by Norman Byer

This is a developmental abnormality in a 59-year-old man. It is an enclosed ora bay on the temporal side, an isolated island of normal pars plana epithelium. It is important not to confuse this entity with a retinal break. It has smooth, sloping borders not a sharp, thin, visible retinal edge as a retinal break would have. The border looks exactly like that of the ora serrata, and the grayish pigmented base has the same appearance as the normal pars plana.

Condition/keywords: developmental abnormality, enclosed ora bay, grayish pigmented base, horizontal nasal meridian, pars plana epithelium, smooth sloping borders, temporal retina