Search results (596 results)

Jun 10 2025 by CUI YUELING

The patient presented 2 hours after sustaining a left eye injury caused by a stick. Visual acuity in the left eye was 0.2 without improvement upon correction, and intraocular pressure measured 15 mmHg. Examination of the anterior segment revealed ciliary conjunctival injection accompanied by patchy subconjunctival hemorrhage. The corneal surface remained smooth, and the anterior chamber was deep with hyphema characterized by blood-tinged aqueous humor predominantly settled inferiorly. The pupil was slightly irregular, approximately 3 mm in diameter, with a superotemporal notch; pupillary light reflex was intact. The lens appeared clear. Fundus examination showed well-defined optic disc margins with normal coloration and a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.2. Retinal arteries and veins were normally distributed with an artery-to-vein ratio of 2:3. At the posterior pole, the foveal reflex exhibited concentric ripple-like changes centered on the fovea, accompanied by localized pigment attenuation and reduced reflex intensity. Irregular reflectivity was noted in the superotemporal and inferotemporal nerve fiber layers.

Photographer: Yueling Cui

Imaging device: Zeiss Clarus 500

Condition/keywords: commotio retinae

Jun 5 2025 by César Adrián Gómez Valdivia, MD

Franceschetti's sign found in a 22 year-old female patient diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis. These bands typically link an old scar to the optic disc, indicative of previous inflammation. Findings were unilateral.

Photographer: @eyemissu2

Imaging device: TOPCON TRC-50DX

Condition/keywords: chorio, Franceschetti's Sign, toxoplasmosis

Jun 4 2025 by Paulina Araujo

The 55-degree central fundus photograph of the right eye reveals a thickened and opacified hyaloid exerting traction on the optic disc and posterior pole of the retina, along with hard exudates and microaneurysms consistent with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Photographer: Paulina D.Araujo Martínez, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P., Hospital Dr Luis Sánchez Bulnes.

Condition/keywords: tractional retinal detachment

May 7 2025 by Aayesha - Khanum, MBBS. D.N.B

A 45-year-old male presented with diminished vision for one month. His Mantoux test was negative, but as steroids worsened the condition, quantiferon TB was advised and it returned positive. He was started on anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). Oral steroids were reintroduced after one week of ATT. Optic disc granulomas can arise from direct invasion of the optic nerve or may represent hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculous antigens. The pathogenesis involves infiltration of immune cells, leading to formation of a granulomatous structure that disrupts normal architecture and function of the optic disc. Steroids with ATT facilitated regression of granulomatous lesion.

Photographer: Ms. Krishna Jeyanthi

Imaging device: Zeiss Clarus 500

Condition/keywords: Tuberculosis

May 4 2025 by KANWALJEET HARJOT MADAN, M.S. (Ophthalmology); FAICO (Vitreous - Retina)

This is a fundus picture of a young 42-year male who visited for a routine eye exam. His BCVA was 20/20 in both eyes. Anterior segment examination was normal. His left eye showed grey-black pigmentation at the infero-nasal margin of the optic disc. Fundus of the right eye was normal. The patient was diagnosed to have optic disc melanocytoma on multimodal imaging and was advised regular follow-up. Optic nerve melanocytoma is typically a benign tumor made up of melanocytes and melanin. It can grow, but rarely transforms into a malignancy. Patients with Optic Nerve Melanocytoma should be periodically examined for evidence of growth, loss of visual field and optic nerve compression.

Photographer: Dr. Kanwaljeet Harjot Madan, Thind Eye Hospital, Jalandhar City (Punjab) INDIA.

Imaging device: Zeiss Fundus Camera

Condition/keywords: melanocytoma, melanoma, optic nerve

Apr 29 2025 by Gustavo Uriel Fonseca Aguirre

This B-mode axial ultrasound scan demonstrates the Weiss ring, visualized as a circular hyperechoic structure in the vitreous cavity, representing the detached posterior vitreous face with the optic disc insertion site. The ring shows mild mobility on dynamic assessment without retinal traction.

Photographer: Gustavo U. Fonseca Aguirre, Hospital Conde de Valenciana, Ciudad de México

Condition/keywords: Weiss ring

Apr 28 2025 by Vishal Agrawal, MD, FRCS,FACS,FASRS

The red-free image enhances the visualization of the NVD, showing the fine neovascular fronds sprouting from the optic disc. Collateral vessels and vascular anastomosis are better appreciated.

Photographer: Dr Ayushi Gupta

Imaging device: Clarus 700

Condition/keywords: branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), collaterals

Apr 21 2025 by Virginia Gebhart

28 year old male with stable retinitis pigmentosa and optic disc drusen OU. Bardet-Biedl variant identified in previous genetic testing. BCVA 20/50 OD, 20/30 OS

Photographer: Virginia Gebhart, Retina Consultants of Carolina

Imaging device: Optos California

Condition/keywords: Drusen, optic disc drusen, retinitis pigmentosa

Apr 18 2025 by DR Rohit Gupta

The **myelinated nerve fibers of the optic disc** (also known as **medullated nerve fibers**) are retinal nerve fibers that retain their myelin sheath as they pass through the optic nerve head. Normally, retinal nerve fibers are unmyelinated to allow for light transparency, but in some cases, myelination extends anteriorly into the retina, appearing as a striking white, feathery patch on the optic disc or peripapillary retina. ### **Key Features:** 1. **Appearance:** - Dense, white, striated patches with feathery edges. - Typically located at the superior or inferior pole of the optic disc. - May obscure retinal vessels underneath. 2. **Clinical Significance:** - Usually **benign** and asymptomatic. - **Congenital** (present at birth or early childhood). - Rarely associated with **visual field defects** (e.g., scotomas corresponding to the area of myelination). - Occasionally linked with **high myopia** or **amblyopia** if extensive. 3. **Pathophysiology:** - Failure of oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells to stop myelination at the lamina cribrosa. - Normally, myelination stops at the optic nerve head, but in this condition, it extends into the retina. 4. **Diagnosis:** - **Fundoscopy:** Classic white, feathery appearance. - **Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT):** Shows thickened retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). - **Visual Field Testing:** May detect defects if large. 5. **Differential Diagnosis:** - Optic disc edema - Cotton wool spots - Retinoblastoma (rarely, but must be ruled out in children) 6. **Management:** - No treatment required if asymptomatic. - Monitor for amblyopia in children. - Rare cases with significant visual impairment may need further evaluation. ### **Fun Fact:** Myelinated nerve fibers are seen in **~0.5-1%** of the population and are usually an incidental finding.

Photographer: Dr Rohit gupta

Imaging device: Samsung S21

Condition/keywords: Medulated Nerve fibre, Medullated Nerve fibres, myelinated nerve fibers, Myelinated Nerve Fibres, optic disc drusen

Apr 8 2025 by KANWALJEET HARJOT MADAN, M.S. (Ophthalmology); FAICO (Vitreous - Retina)

This is the fundus picture of right eye (RE) of a 4 years female child presented with outward deviation of right eye. Her parents also complained of diminution of vision in both eyes. On examination, her best corrected vision in RE was hand movements close to face and was 20/80 in LE. Posterior segment exam revealed presence of macular scar in RE and presence of dry retinal fold with dragging of retinal vessels. LE fundus revealed presence of nasal drag of optic disc. Parents gave history of untreated ROP as an infant. Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a Vaso proliferative disorder of Retina occurring in premature infants. Advances in neonatal care and ROP treatment has led these babies to live longer with this disease.

Photographer: Dr. Kanwaljeet Harjot Madan, Thind Eye Hospital, Jalandhar City (Punjab) INDIA.

Imaging device: Zeiss Fundus Camera

Condition/keywords: Retinopathy of Prematurity, Vaso proliferative disorder

Apr 8 2025 by KANWALJEET HARJOT MADAN, M.S. (Ophthalmology); FAICO (Vitreous - Retina)

This is the fundus picture of right eye (RE) of a 4 years female child presented with outward deviation of right eye. Her parents also complained of diminution of vision in both eyes. On examination, her best corrected vision in RE was hand movements close to face and was 20/80 in LE. Posterior segment exam revealed presence of macular scar in RE and presence of dry retinal fold with dragging of retinal vessels. LE fundus revealed presence of nasal drag of optic disc. Parents gave history of untreated ROP as an infant. Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a Vaso proliferative disorder of Retina occurring in premature infants. Advances in neonatal care and ROP treatment has led these babies to live longer with this disease.

Photographer: Dr. Kanwaljeet Harjot Madan, Thind Eye Hospital, Jalandhar City (Punjab) INDIA.

Imaging device: Zeiss Fundus Camera

Condition/keywords: Retinopathy of Prematurity

Apr 7 2025 by Juan J. Prados-Carmona

This fundus photograph shows a well-defined, whitish, feathery lesion radiating from the optic disc, consistent with myelinated retinal nerve fibers. The lesion follows the distribution of the retinal nerve fiber layer and appears superficial, partially obscuring the underlying retinal vessels. The optic disc itself is slightly blurred but without signs of true disc edema or hyperemia. The rest of the retina appears unremarkable, with normal vessel caliber and no evidence of hemorrhages, exudates, or signs of hypertensive or diabetic retinopathy. The findings are compatible with a benign congenital anomaly—persistent myelinated retinal nerve fibers.

Photographer: Juan J. Prados-Carmona

Condition/keywords: Persistent myelinated retinal nerve fibers, persistent myelination

Mar 27 2025 by Shrishti mishra

A 73 year old male with Le optic disc pit . On color fundus photo a single pit can be noted whereas on oct enface is- os interface 2 optic disc pits are noted which resembles a halloween smile .

Photographer: Mr Sudhakar

Imaging device: Zeiss cirrus6000

Condition/keywords: OCT, oct en face, optic disc pit

Feb 22 2025 by CUI YUELING

Patient: Male, 40 years old. Chief Complaint: Blurred vision and metamorphopsia in the left eye for more than 10 days. Past Medical History Hypertension for 4 years, with a highest recorded blood pressure of 160/80 mmHg. Currently controlled with oral "Nifedipine Sustained-Release Tablets, 2 tablets daily." Long-term history of heavy alcohol consumption and smoking. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity: Right eye (OD): 0.4 (uncorrected, no improvement with correction). Left eye (OS): 0.5 (-1.5DS = 1.0). Intraocular Pressure (IOP): OD: 15 mmHg. OS: 17 mmHg. Anterior Segment:Unremarkable. Fundus Examination: Right eye: Optic disc margins are clear, with a slightly reddish hue. Cup-to-disc ratio (C/D) = 0.2. A scalloped, orange-red elevated lesion is observed superior to the optic disc, with anterior displacement of the focal point. This is accompanied by a secondary, turbine-like exudative retinal detachment centered around the optic disc, involving the macula. The macular region shows scattered punctate yellow-white exudates. Diagnosis: Choroidal hemangioma with secondary exudative retinal detachment(OD).

Photographer: Cui yueling The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Guizhou, Zunyi, China

Imaging device: Zeiss Clarus 500

Condition/keywords: choroidal hemangioma, exudative retinal detachment

Jan 16 2025 by yuan duo

A 5-year-old girl, born full-term with no history of systemic disease, presented with poor vision since early childhood and underwent fundus examination. Anterior segments of both eyes showed no significant abnormalities. Fundus examination revealed retinal folds extending from the optic disc to the temporal peripheral retina, with blood vessels coursing through the folds (A, B). Avascular zones were observed in the peripheral retina, and the ora serrata’s boundaries were clearly visible, displaying dentate processes and bays (C, D). Retinal pigmentation was evident. Genetic testing confirmed the final diagnosis of bilateral Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Condition/keywords: Retinal Ora Serrata

Jan 16 2025 by yuan duo

A 5-year-old girl, born full-term with no history of systemic disease, presented with poor vision since early childhood and underwent fundus examination. Anterior segments of both eyes showed no significant abnormalities. Fundus examination revealed retinal folds extending from the optic disc to the temporal peripheral retina, with blood vessels coursing through the folds (A, B). Avascular zones were observed in the peripheral retina, and the ora serrata’s boundaries were clearly visible, displaying dentate processes and bays (C, D). Retinal pigmentation was evident. Genetic testing confirmed the final diagnosis of bilateral Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Condition/keywords: Retinal Ora Serrata

Jan 16 2025 by yuan duo

A 5-year-old girl, born full-term with no history of systemic disease, presented with poor vision since early childhood and underwent fundus examination. Anterior segments of both eyes showed no significant abnormalities. Fundus examination revealed retinal folds extending from the optic disc to the temporal peripheral retina, with blood vessels coursing through the folds (A, B). Avascular zones were observed in the peripheral retina, and the ora serrata’s boundaries were clearly visible, displaying dentate processes and bays (C, D). Retinal pigmentation was evident. Genetic testing confirmed the final diagnosis of bilateral Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Condition/keywords: Retinal Ora Serrata

Jan 16 2025 by yuan duo

A 5-year-old girl, born full-term with no history of systemic disease, presented with poor vision since early childhood and underwent fundus examination. Anterior segments of both eyes showed no significant abnormalities. Fundus examination revealed retinal folds extending from the optic disc to the temporal peripheral retina, with blood vessels coursing through the folds (A, B). Avascular zones were observed in the peripheral retina, and the ora serrata’s boundaries were clearly visible, displaying dentate processes and bays (C, D). Retinal pigmentation was evident. Genetic testing confirmed the final diagnosis of bilateral Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Condition/keywords: Retinal Ora Serrata

Jan 13 2025 by Virginia Gebhart

25 year-old female referred for melanocytoma of optic disc. Lesion is benign, no treatment necessary. Pt asymptomatic.

Photographer: Virginia Gebhart, Retina Consultants of Carolina

Imaging device: Topcon 50DX

Condition/keywords: benign melanocytoma, melanocytoma, optic disc melanocytoma

Dec 24 2024 by Aditya S Kelkar, MS, FRCS, FASRS,FRCOphth

Fundus image of a 13 year-old female with falciform retinal detachment from the optic disc to the inferior-temporal QUADRANT

Photographer: NIKITA PABSETWAR, National institute of Ophthalmology

Imaging device: OPTOS DAYTONA

Condition/keywords: FALCIFORM RETINAL DETACHMENT, persistent fetal vasculature (PFV)

Dec 6 2024 by Jasmeet Kaur Chandi

Fundus photo of a 55 year-old female with extensive flame-shaped and dot-blot hemorrhages in all four quadrants. Tortuous and dilated veins with cotton-wool spots. Optic disc swelling with hyperemia and macular edema.

Photographer: Dr. Jasmeet Kaur Chandi

Condition/keywords: Ischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Dec 5 2024 by Tejaswita Verma

Fundus picture of a 26 year old male who presented with right eye abaxial proptosis, MRI confirmed venolymphatic mass inferomedial in location located near the optic disc with disc edema , nasal elevation ,retinal folds. Vision was 6/18 . He was planned for intralesional bleomycin injection.

Photographer: DR. TEJASWITA VERMA

Imaging device: MIRANTE

Condition/keywords: disc edema, intraorbital mass, proptosis

Nov 25 2024 by Tejaswita Verma

Fundus picture of a 26 year old male who presented with right eye abaxial proptosis, MRI confirmed venolymphatic mass inferomedial in location located near the optic disc with disc edema , nasal elevation ,retinal folds. Vision was 6/18 . He was planned for intralesional bleomycin injection.

Photographer: DR. TEJASWITA VERMA

Imaging device: MIRANTE

Condition/keywords: disc edema, intraorbital mass, proptosis, retinal folds

Nov 19 2024 by Rafael Robbs

Fundus Autofluorescence: presence of optic disc drusen, associated with angioid streaks, in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

Photographer: Rafael Robbs, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Imaging device: DRI OCT-1 Triton / Triton Plus

Condition/keywords: angioid streaks, optic disc drusen, pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)

Nov 9 2024 by Anand Temkar

Left Eye Optical Coherence Tomography of a 48 years old male patient showing Optic Disc Pit.

Photographer: Dr.Anand Temkar- Retina Foundation, Ahmedabad

Imaging device: Mirante

Condition/keywords: optic disc pit, Optic pit