Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology » Unit 07 Diseases of the Conjunctiva Cornea and Sclera

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Subepithelial bullae in ocular pemphigoid.

Condition/keywords: subepithelial bullae

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Conjunctival granulomas in a case of sarcoidosis.

Condition/keywords: granuloma, sarcoidosis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Noncaseating granuloma of the conjunctiva in a case of sarcoidosis.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, granuloma, sarcoidosis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Pingueculum showing masses of fragmented fibers resembling actinic elastosis.

Condition/keywords: actinic elastosis, pinguecula

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Amyloidosis of the conjunctiva.

Condition/keywords: amyloidosis, conjunctiva

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Amyloidosis of the conjunctiva showing clumps of pink, acellular ma­terial.

Condition/keywords: acellular, amyloidosis, conjunctiva

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Conjunctival epithelial inclusion cyst.

Condition/keywords: cyst, epithelial

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Papilloma of the conjunctiva.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, papilloma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Papilloma of the conjunctiva showing fronds of acanthotic epithelium with central fibrovascular cores.

Condition/keywords: acanthosis, conjunctiva, papilloma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Carcinoma-in-situ. The lesion is pink, plaquoid, and vascular.

Condition/keywords: lesion, placoid

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Carcinoma-in-situ. There is an abrupt change from normal conjunctiva (left) to carcinoma-in-situ.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Carcinoma-in-situ. Although there is a zone of inflammation beneath the tumor, the carcinoma has not invaded beneath its own basement membrane.

Condition/keywords: tumor

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva may present as an exuber­ant tumor mass.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, tumor

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva with invasion into the sub­stantia propria.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, substantia propia

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Benign nevus of the conjunctiva.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, nevus

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Nevus of the conjunctiva. Clusters of benign nevus cells surround an epithelial inclusion cyst.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, cyst, epithelial, nevus

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Melanoma arising from acquired melanosis.

Condition/keywords: melanoma, melanosis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva showing hyperpigmentation of the basal layer of the epithelium.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, epithelium, melanosis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Melanoma of the conjunctiva arising from acquired melanosis.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, melanoma, melanosis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Lymphoid tumor of the conjunctiva.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, tumor

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the conjunctiva may resemble a normal lymph node.

Condition/keywords: conjunctiva, hyperplasia, lymph node

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Pleomorphism, rather than polymorphism, characterizes a malignant lymphoma.

Condition/keywords: lymphoma, pleomorphism

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Keloid of the cornea. The entire cornea has been replaced by thickened, dense scar tissue.

Condition/keywords: cornea, scar

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

In posterior embryotoxon, the anteriorly displaced, prominent Schwalbe's ring can be seen in the periphery of the cornea.

Condition/keywords: cornea, embryotoxon, Schwalbe's ring

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Gonioscopy of Axenfeld's syndrome.

Condition/keywords: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, gonioscopy

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Posterior embryotoxon with iris tissue bridging the anterior chamber and attaching to the prominent Schwalbe's ring.

Condition/keywords: embryotoxon, iris, Schwalbe's ring

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

In interstitial keratitis, the only pathology noted is the presence of blood vessels in the deep stroma.

Condition/keywords: interstitial keratitis, stroma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Herpes simplex keratitis is characterized by irregularity of the epithelium, patchy loss of Bowman's membrane, infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells, and vascularization of the stroma.

Condition/keywords: Bowman's membrane, epithelium, Herpes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, stroma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Mooren's ulcer showing the characteristic undermining edge.

Condition/keywords: Mooren's ulcer

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Terrien's ulcer with vascularization.

Condition/keywords: Terrien's ulcer

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Fibrous pannus is present between the epithelium and Bowman's mem­brane. Epithelial nests are within the pannus.

Condition/keywords: epithelial, fibrous pannus

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Band keratopathy is characterized by calcium deposition in Bowman's membrane.

Condition/keywords: Bowman's membrane, keratopathy

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Keratoconus showing central thinning and scarring of the corneal but­ton.

Condition/keywords: cornea, scar

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Granular dystrophy showing discrete opacities with clear cornea be­tween the lesions.

Condition/keywords: cornea, granular corneal dystrophy

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Granular dystrophy showing clumps of hyaline degeneration beneath the epithelium and in the stroma which stain red with Masson trichrome stain in com­parison to the normal blue background.

Condition/keywords: epithelium, granular corneal dystrophy, hyaline degeneration, stroma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

The entire cornea shows a diffuse haziness in the macular dystrophy.

Condition/keywords: cornea, macular dystrophy

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Macular dystrophy is characterized by accumulation of blue-staining acid mucopolysaccharide in the anterior stroma.

Condition/keywords: macular dystrophy, mucopolysaccharidoses, stroma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Lattice dystrophy showing criss-crossing opacities.

Condition/keywords: lattice dystrophy

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

On routine hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, the lesions of lattice dystrophy are pinker than the surrounding stroma and are fusiform in shape.

Condition/keywords: lattice dystrophy, stroma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Lattice dystrophy is an amyloid degeneration and stains with the flu­orescent stain, thioflavin-T.

Condition/keywords: lattice dystrophy

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Fuchs' dystrophy is characterized by loss of endothelial cells, thickening of Descemet's membrane, and guttate excrescences of Descemet's membrane.

Condition/keywords: descemet's membrane, endothelial, Fuchs

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Blood-staining of the cornea.

Condition/keywords: blood-staining, cornea

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Blood-staining of the cornea. Note the myriad of minute red granules throughout the corneal stroma.

Condition/keywords: blood-staining, cornea, stroma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Epinephrine plaque of the cornea.

Condition/keywords: cornea, plaque

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

A Prussian blue stain demonstrates iron in the epithelial cells of the cornea.

Condition/keywords: cornea, epithelial

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Kayser-Fleischer ring in the peripheral cornea.

Condition/keywords: cornea, Kayser-Fleischer ring

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Kayser-Fleischer ring. The copper is seen as a brown line in the posterior half of Descemet's membrane.

Condition/keywords: descemet's membrane, Kayser-Fleischer ring

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Whorl-like pattern of cornea in Fabry's disease.

Condition/keywords: cornea, Fabry's disease

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Diffuse clouding of the cornea in one of the mucopolysaccharidoses.

Condition/keywords: cornea, mucopolysaccharidoses

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Scleritis showing marked granulomatous inflammation of the sclera.

Condition/keywords: sclera, scleritis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Fibrinoid necrosis of the sclera with palisading of granulomatous inflam­mation at the edge of the necrosis.

Condition/keywords: fibrinoid, sclera

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Marked thickening of the sclera in scleritis.

Condition/keywords: sclera, scleritis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

"Porcelain" appearance of the cornea after alkali burn.

Condition/keywords: alkali burn, cornea

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Alkali burn. The stroma shows marked architectural disarray as well as chronic inflammation.

Condition/keywords: alkali burn, chronic inflammation, stroma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

True exfoliation of the lens capsule showing a splitting of the capsule.

Condition/keywords: lens capsule, splitting

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Rupture of Descemet's membrane with a gap in the posterior stroma.

Condition/keywords: descemet's membrane, rupture, stroma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Vessel in the face of the ciliary body.

Condition/keywords: ciliary

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Traumatic iridodialysis.

Condition/keywords: iridodialysis, trauma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Traumatic cyclodialysis.

Condition/keywords: cyclodialysis, trauma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Traumatic tear in the face of the ciliary body.

Condition/keywords: ciliary, trauma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

"Hills and valleys" appearance of postcontusion angle recession.

Condition/keywords: angle recession

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Postcontusion angle recession. Note the retrodisplacement of the Iris root.

Condition/keywords: angle recession, iris root, retrodisplacement

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Postcontusion angle recession (top) compared to normal (bottom)· The pencil line is on the scleral spur and is parallel to the anteroposterior axis of the globe. In the normal wedge, the iris root is on this line, but in the case of angle recession, the iris root is retrodisplaced.

Condition/keywords: angle recession, iris root, scleral spur

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Endothelialization of the angle. Endothelium and Descemet's membrane have grown down to cover the trabecular meshwork.

Condition/keywords: descemet's membrane, endothelial, endothelium

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

A dense, fibrous plaque occupies the anterior chamber as the result of organization of a hyphema.

Condition/keywords: anterior chamber, hyphema, plaque

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Vossius ring showing a ring of pigment on the surface of the lens following blunt trauma.

Condition/keywords: lens, trauma, Vossius ring

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Phacolytic glaucoma. Lens-laden macrophages line the anterior surface of the iris and the trabecular meshwork.

Condition/keywords: iris, macrophages, phacolytic glaucoma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Phacolytic glaucoma with recessed angle.

Condition/keywords: phacolytic glaucoma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Lens dislocated into the anterior chamber.

Condition/keywords: dislocated lens, lens

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Commotio retinae (Berlin's edema).

Condition/keywords: Berlin's edema, commotio retinae

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Macular hole after commotio retinae.

Condition/keywords: commotio retinae, macular hole

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Severe blunt trauma has produced hemorrhage beneath, in, and in front of the retina.

Condition/keywords: hemorrhage, trauma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Massive retinal gliosis.

Condition/keywords: gliosis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Chorioretinal scarring after blunt trauma.

Condition/keywords: chorioretinal scar, trauma

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Traumatic retinopathy showing loss of retinal architecture, patchy disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium, and migration of pigment into the atrophic retina.

Condition/keywords: epithelium, retinopathy

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Cholesterolosis of the vitreous. Note the empty cholesterol clefts.

Condition/keywords: cholesterol clefts, cholesterolosis, vitreous

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Hemolytic glaucoma. Erythrocytes from a vitreous hemorrhage have gained access to the anterior chamber where they have been engulfed by macrophages and occlude the outflow channels.

Condition/keywords: anterior chamber, erythrocytes, glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Evulsion of the optic nerve.

Condition/keywords: evulsion, optic nerve

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Evulsion of the optic nerve. Note that the retina is prolapsed through the evulsed nerve.

Condition/keywords: evulsion, optic nerve, prolapsed

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Totally disorganized ruptured globe.

Condition/keywords: ruptured globe

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Strips of retina removed from a scleral laceration.

Condition/keywords: scleral laceration

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Phacoanaphylaxis. The lens (upper left) is surrounded by an intense granulomatous inflammatory reaction. Note the ruptured lens capsule which is thrown into folds.

Condition/keywords: uveitis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Phacoanaphylaxis. The iris is bound down to the granulomatous reac­tion which surrounds the lens.

Condition/keywords: uveitis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Vegetable fiber in the eye has caused an intense inflammatory reaction.

Condition/keywords: intense inflammatory reaction

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Epithelial downgrowth. Note the film on the back of the cornea.

Condition/keywords: epithelial

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Epithelial downgrowth. The epithelium lines the back of the cornea, the angle, and the anterior surface of the iris.

Condition/keywords: cornea, epithelial, iris

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Epithelial downgrowth. The epithelium has grown onto the posterior surface of the iris.

Condition/keywords: epithelial, epithelium, iris

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Fibrous downgrowth. Fibrous tissue extends through the iridectomy site into the posterior chamber.

Condition/keywords: Fibrous downgrowth, peripheral iridotomy

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Poor wound apposition and gaping of the posterior aspect of a cataract incision.

Condition/keywords: cataract incision

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Peripheral anterior synechia is often seen in eyes that have had anterior segment surgery.

Condition/keywords: anterior synechiae

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Implantation cyst on the surface of the iris.

Condition/keywords: cyst, iris

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Expulsive hemorrhage. The blood lifts the choroid away from the sclera.

Condition/keywords: choroid, expulsive choroidal hemorrhage, sclera

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Lamellar graft. Descemet's membrane and endothelium are not present.

Condition/keywords: lamellar graft

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Regraft. A retrocorneal membrane is present posterior to Descemet's membrane.

Condition/keywords: descemet's membrane, regraft, retrocorneal membrane

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Cyclodialysis. A cleft filled with blood is present between the ciliary body and the sclera and is continuous with the entrance wound through the sclera.

Condition/keywords: ciliary body mass, cyclodialysis, sclera

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Filtering procedure. Note the large defect at the limbus.

Condition/keywords: filtering procedure, limbus

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Trabeculectomy. A small defect is present in the area of the trabecular meshwork and is continuous with a linear tract in the sclera.

Condition/keywords: sclera, trabecular meshwork, trabeculectomy

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Cyclocryotherapy produces necrosis of the ciliary body.

Condition/keywords: ciliary, cyclocryotherapy, retinal necrosis

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Diathermy produces marked atrophy of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium, and the choroid.

Condition/keywords: atrophy, choroid, diathermy, retinal pigment epithelium

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Photocoagulation produces a well-demarcated scar showing abrupt disruption of the retina and pigment epithelium.

Condition/keywords: pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP), pigment epithelium, scar

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Hemorrhage and necrosis anterior to a scleral buckle.

Condition/keywords: hemorrhage, retinal necrosis, scleral buckle

Feb 25 2019 by Lancaster Course in Ophthalmology

Atrophia bulbi showing intraocular disorganization, scarring, and ossi­fication.

Condition/keywords: atrophia bulbi, intraocular disorganization, ossification, scar